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  • Title: [Evaluation of hepatic venous flow patterns using a pulsed Doppler technique].
    Author: Sakoda S, Mitsunami K, Kinoshita M.
    Journal: J Cardiol; 1990; 20(1):193-208. PubMed ID: 2093753.
    Abstract:
    Evaluation of hepatic venous flow patterns was attempted by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Subjects were 80 patients including those with dilated cardiomyopathy, old myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, pulmonary hypertension, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid regurgitation (TR), lone atrial fibrillation, and post-cardiac surgery. Eleven normal subjects served as controls. The mean age was 53.0 +/- 12.4 years. Most of the TR patients had atrial fibrillation. Patients with aortic regurgitation and significant mitral regurgitation were excluded. Afterload stress by angiotensin II infusion was performed in 51 subjects, mainly for those with ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and the normal controls. Hepatic venous flow patterns included double-peaked flow signals toward the right atrium, and the relationship between systolic (S) and diastolic flow velocities (D) was expressed as the velocity ratio [S/(S+D)]. A reversed flow during atrial systole was expressed as an "A wave" and that between the S and D waves, as an "O wave". Systolic flow velocity was less than diastolic flow velocity in cases with atrial fibrillation and the post-surgical cases. The velocity ratio was greater than 0.5 in nearly all patients with normal sinus rhythm, and less than 0.5 in cases with atrial fibrillation and the post-surgical cases. In the former, systolic flow velocity was less than diastolic flow velocity after defibrillation, in spite of restoration of normal sinus rhythm. These findings indicate that systolic flow velocity was influenced by atrial relaxation; diastolic flow velocity, by ventricular diastolic function. The A wave was increased in cases with pulmonary hypertension and A wave velocity in the hepatic vein correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure. In cases with tricuspid regurgitation, reversed flows were detected during ventricular systole both in normal sinus rhythm and in atrial fibrillation. After infusions of angiotensin II the velocity ratio increased in cases with dilated cardiomyopathy and in normal controls (p less than 0.01). The hepatic venous flow pattern after infusion in the former was characterized by dominant systolic and diminished diastolic flow velocities with a consequent increase in the velocity ratio toward 1.0, while a change in the ratio was less marked in normal controls. In conclusion, analysis of the hepatic venous flow pattern by pulsed Doppler echocardiography is very useful for evaluating cardiac function. A marked increase in the velocity ratio after angiotensin II infusion suggests decreased cardiac function.
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