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  • Title: Speech, expressive language, and verbal cognition of preschool children with cerebral palsy in Iceland.
    Author: Sigurdardottir S, Vik T.
    Journal: Dev Med Child Neurol; 2011 Jan; 53(1):74-80. PubMed ID: 21039439.
    Abstract:
    AIM: The aim of this study was to describe speech, expressive language, and verbal cognition of children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: A population study included 152 Icelandic children with congenital CP (74 males, 78 females; mean age 5y 5mo, range 4y-6y 6mo). Children who spoke in sentences, phrases, or one-word utterances were categorized as verbal. Speech was classified as normal, mild dysarthria, or severe dysarthria. Cognition was reported as IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Revised) or developmental quotient (DQ). RESULTS: Most children (81%) had spastic CP and bilateral symptoms (76%); 74 (49%) were at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I, 27% at levels II and III, and 24% at levels IV and V (p<0.001). One hundred and twenty-eight children (84%) communicated verbally whereas 24 were nonverbal. Nonverbal status and severe dysarthria were associated with greater motor impairment (GMFCS; p<0.001). Twenty-five children (16%) had severe dysarthria. Most (88%) of the nonverbal children had multiple disabilities compared with 18% of the verbal group (p<0.001). Median (interquartile range) verbal IQ was 93 (73-104) and performance IQ 77 (61-94; p<0.001). Sixty-eight children (45%) had normal verbal cognition and almost a quarter of the children with severe dysarthria had a full-scale IQ/DQ of 70. INTERPRETATION: Most children with CP express sentences and almost half of them have normal verbal IQ. Nonverbal status frequently indicates multiple impairments whereas severe dysarthria may be associated with normal cognition.
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