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  • Title: Activation of multiple signaling pathways causes developmental defects in mice with a Noonan syndrome–associated Sos1 mutation.
    Author: Chen PC, Wakimoto H, Conner D, Araki T, Yuan T, Roberts A, Seidman C, Bronson R, Neel B, Seidman JG, Kucherlapati R.
    Journal: J Clin Invest; 2010 Dec; 120(12):4353-65. PubMed ID: 21041952.
    Abstract:
    Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by short stature, unique facial features, and congenital heart disease. About 10%-15% of individuals with NS have mutations in son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), which encodes a RAS and RAC guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). To understand the role of SOS1 in the pathogenesis of NS, we generated mice with the NS-associated Sos1E846K gain-of-function mutation. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice showed many NS-associated pheno-types, including growth delay, distinctive facial dysmorphia, hematologic abnormalities, and cardiac defects. We found that the Ras/MAPK pathway as well as Rac and Stat3 were activated in the mutant hearts. These data provide in vivo molecular and cellular evidence that Sos1 is a GEF for Rac under physiological conditions and suggest that Rac and Stat3 activation might contribute to NS phenotypes. Furthermore, prenatal administration of a MEK inhibitor ameliorated the embryonic lethality, cardiac defects, and NS features of the homozygous mutant mice, demonstrating that this signaling pathway might represent a promising therapeutic target for NS.
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