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  • Title: Recipient lymphocyte infusion in MHC-matched bone marrow chimeras induces a limited lymphohematopoietic host-versus-graft reactivity but a significant antileukemic effect mediated by CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells.
    Author: De Somer L, Sprangers B, Fevery S, Rutgeerts O, Lenaerts C, Boon L, Waer M, Billiau AD.
    Journal: Haematologica; 2011 Mar; 96(3):424-31. PubMed ID: 21109687.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Challenge of MHC-mismatched murine bone marrow chimeras with recipient-type lymphocytes (recipient lymphocyte infusion) produces antileukemic responses in association with rejection of donor chimerism. In contrast, MHC-matched chimeras resist eradication of donor chimerism by recipient lymphocyte infusion. Here, we investigated lymphohematopoietic host-versus-graft reactivity and antileukemic responses in the MHC-matched setting, which is reminiscent of the majority of clinical transplants. DESIGN AND METHODS: We challenged C3H→AKR radiation chimeras with AKR-type splenocytes (i.e. recipient lymphocyte infusion) and BW5147.3 leukemia cells. We studied the kinetics of chimerism using flowcytometry and the mechanisms involved in antileukemic effects using in vivo antibody-mediated depletion of CD8(+) T and NK cells, and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS: Whereas control chimeras showed progressive evolution towards high-level donor T-cell chimerism, recipient lymphocyte infusion chimeras showed a limited reduction of donor chimerism with delayed onset and long-term preservation of lower-level mixed chimerism. Recipient lymphocyte infusion chimeras nevertheless showed a significant survival benefit after leukemia challenge. In vivo antibody-mediated depletion experiments showed that both CD8(+) T cells and NK cells contribute to the antileukemic effect. Consistent with a role for NK cells, the proportion of IFN-γ producing NK cells in recipient lymphocyte infusion chimeras was significantly higher than in control chimeras. CONCLUSIONS: In the MHC-matched setting, recipient lymphocyte infusion elicits lymphohematopoietic host-versus-graft reactivity that is limited but sufficient to provide an antileukemic effect, and this is dependent on CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. The data indicate that NK cells are activated as a bystander phenomenon during lymphohematopoietic T-cell alloreactivity and thus support a novel type of NK involvement in anti-tumor responses after post-transplant adoptive cell therapy.
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