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  • Title: Photoelectrochemical characterization of nanocrystalline thin-film Cu₂ZnSnS₄ photocathodes.
    Author: Riha SC, Fredrick SJ, Sambur JB, Liu Y, Prieto AL, Parkinson BA.
    Journal: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces; 2011 Jan; 3(1):58-66. PubMed ID: 21194208.
    Abstract:
    Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) nanocrystals, synthesized by a hot injection solution method, have been fabricated into thin films by dip-casting onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. The photoresponse of the CZTS nanocrystal films was evaluated using absorbance measurements along with photoelectrochemical methods in aqueous electrolytes. Photoelectrochemical characterization revealed a p-type photoresponse when the films were illuminated in an aqueous Eu(3+) redox electrolyte. The effects of CZTS stoichiometry, film thickness, and low-temperature annealing on the photocurrents from front and back illumination suggest that the minority carrier diffusion and recombination at the back contact (via reaction of photogenerated holes with Eu(2+) produced from photoreduction by minority carriers) are the main loss mechanisms in the cell. Low-temperature annealing resulted in significant increases in the photocurrents for films made from both Zn-rich and stoichiometric CZTS nanocrystals.
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