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  • Title: A study of urolithiasis in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan.
    Author: Rab F, Qazi FM, Ahmad R, Zahoorullah, Khan I, Akhtar T.
    Journal: J Pak Med Assoc; 1990 Oct; 40(10):241-3. PubMed ID: 2123261.
    Abstract:
    Of 188 (144 renal, 29 bladder, 15 ureteric) stones analysed, 109 (58%) were pure calcium oxalate stones and in 177 (94%) calcium oxalate was the main component. The remaining were of mixed composition containing calcium phosphate, uric acid and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Serum calcium levels in 50 patients with pure calcium oxalate stones were normal. Majority of the cases (76%) came from the hilly areas of N.W.F.P.
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