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  • Title: Protein refolding by N-alkylpyridinium and N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium ionic liquids.
    Author: Yamamoto E, Yamaguchi S, Nagamune T.
    Journal: Appl Biochem Biotechnol; 2011 Jul; 164(6):957-67. PubMed ID: 21302144.
    Abstract:
    An important property of ionic liquids consisting of cations and anions is that the chemical structures can be easily tuned. To expand the repertoire of effective ionic liquid-based refolding additives, we focused on this tunable property and investigated the effects of new candidates such as N-alkylpyridinium chlorides and N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chlorides on protein refolding. Denatured lysozyme (30 mg/mL) was used as a model protein and refolded by 30-fold dilution with various refolding buffers containing different ionic liquids consisting of a systematic variety of alkyl chains. Compared with the refolding yield without additives (lower than 10%), less hydrophobic ionic liquids such as N-ethyl, N-butyl and N-hexylpyridinium chlorides, and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride were effective in enhancing the refolding yields (46-69%), because they primarily suppressed aggregation because of their chaotropic properties. N-alkylpyridinium cations were more hydrophobic than N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium cations according to the calculated log P values and prevented aggregation at lower concentrations because of their hydrophobicity. The results provide a range of new effective ionic liquid-based additives for higher protein refolding yields and the knowledge of the effect of chemical structures of additives on protein refolding.
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