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  • Title: Behavioral effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline injected into the lateral ventricles of the pigeon (Columba livia).
    Author: Ravazio MR, Canello M, Paschoalini MA, Marino-Neto J.
    Journal: Braz J Med Biol Res; 1990; 23(11):1133-7. PubMed ID: 2133020.
    Abstract:
    The behavioral effects of intraventricular 1-microliter injections of adrenaline and noradrenaline (both in a concentration of 30 nmol/microliters) were examined in pigeons bearing cannulae chronically implanted into the lateral ventricles. Injections of either catecholamine evoked immediate and intense bouts of feeding behavior, followed by long-lasting increases in sleep duration (50-90% higher than vehicle-treated subjects) in pigeons given free access to food during the observation period. Pigeons treated with adrenaline or vehicle only, and placed in a cage without the feeder set (food-deprived during the observation period), exhibited late increases in exploratory and preening behaviors, and less sleep than controls (vehicle-treated pigeons with free access to food). These data suggest that post-prandial sleep in this situation may represent a by-product of feeding-related processes evoked by both catecholamines.
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