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  • Title: PARP-1 inhibition prevents CNS migration of dendritic cells during EAE, suppressing the encephalitogenic response and relapse severity.
    Author: Cavone L, Aldinucci A, Ballerini C, Biagioli T, Moroni F, Chiarugi A.
    Journal: Mult Scler; 2011 Jul; 17(7):794-807. PubMed ID: 21343230.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Pharmacological inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) are currently evaluated in clinical trials for various malignancies but, interestingly, also proved of remarkable efficacy in preclinical models of autoimmune disorders including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine molecular mechanisms underlying suppression of the encephalitogenic response by these drugs; likewise, whether clinically-relevant post-treatment paradigms with PARP-1 inhibitors could prevent EAE relapses. METHODS: Adopted both in vitro techniques (bone marrow-derived cultured DC) as well as in vivo models of chronic or relapsing-remitting (RR) EAE. RESULTS: We report that two structurally unrelated PARP-1 inhibitors negatively regulated NFκB activation, as well as maturation, cytokine production and APC function of cultured mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). PARP-1 inhibitors also reduced the number and APC function of DCs migrating in the draining lymph nodes of ovalbumin-immunized mice. In C57Bl mice with chronic EAE or SJL mice with RR EAE, pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 reduced CNS DC migration and demyelination as well as neurological impairment to an extent similar to that achieved with the potent immunosuppressant cyclosporine A. Remarkably, PARP-1 inhibitors injected after the first phase of disease reduced relapse incidence and severity, as well as the spinal cord number of autoreactive Th17 cells. Under this clinically-relevant treatment paradigm, PARP inhibitors also suppressed epitope spreading of the encephalitogenic response. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, data underscore the potential relevance of PARP-1 inhibitors to MS therapy and suppression of autoimmunity.
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