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  • Title: Characteristics and appearance of the normal optic nerve head in 6-year-old children.
    Author: Samarawickrama C, Pai A, Tariq Y, Healey PR, Wong TY, Mitchell P.
    Journal: Br J Ophthalmol; 2012 Jan; 96(1):68-72. PubMed ID: 21415058.
    Abstract:
    AIM: To document planimetric measures of normal optic nerve head parameters in 6-year-old children and to report prevalence and associations of common optic nerve signs. METHODS: The Sydney Childhood Eye Study examined 1765 children aged 6 years. Complete retinal photographs were available for 1225 participants, captured using a digital camera. Optical coherence tomography optic-disc measurements were acquired using the 'fast' optic-disc protocol. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.1.3. RESULTS: The mean (95% CIs) planimetric optic-disc area was 2.29 mm(2) (2.27 to 2.32), mean cup area 0.48 mm(2) (0.47 to 0.50), mean vertical disc diameter 1.81 mm (1.80 to 1.82) and mean vertical cup diameter 0.72 mm (0.71 to 0.73), resulting in a mean vertical cup/disc ratio of 0.40 (0.39 to 0.40). Similarities existed between vertical, horizontal and area cup/disc ratios (p>0.05) measured by planimetry and optical coherence tomography, but only for vertical disc diameters between 1.75 and 1.96 mm. Visible lamina cribrosa pores were present in 4.9%. This sign was associated with larger optic nerve parameters. The prevalence of optic disc tilt and cyclotorsion was 1.6% and 8.7%, respectively, and the prevalence of α- and β-peripapillary atrophy was 43.3% and 20.2%, respectively. Neither sign was associated with myopia, after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity, although eyes with β-peripapillary atrophy had a longer mean axial length (p=0.04). Cilioretinal arteries were present in 27% and tended to be located temporally. CONCLUSIONS: The mean vertical cup/disc ratio was 0.4 in this 6-year-old sample. Planimetric optic nerve head measures and population prevalence findings for optic disc signs in this population could be regarded as normative data for ophthalmologists in clinical settings.
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