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  • Title: Concurrence of multiple types of eyelid synkinesia in a patient with congenital anomalies.
    Author: Ishiyama A, Saito Y, Sugai K, Sasaki M, Yamazaki H, Kohama M.
    Journal: Brain Dev; 2012 Feb; 34(2):140-2. PubMed ID: 21435806.
    Abstract:
    We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies, including ptosis, polydactyly, ventricular septal defect, epilepsy, and intellectual deficits. The patient presented with synkinetic eyelid movements accompanying jaw and ocular movements, including Marcus-Gunn phenomenon (eyelid elevation at mouth opening) in the right eye, inverse Marcus-Gunn phenomenon (aggravation of ptosis at mouth opening) in the left eye, and unilateral eyelid elevation on each side during ipsilateral abduction. This suggests that the different types of synkinesia may represent a common etiology of aberrant innervations and/or reflex phenomena of the cranial nerves caused by a specific genetic defect.
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