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  • Title: Traumatic carotid cavernous fistula complicated with intracerebral hemorrhage: case report.
    Author: Hayashi K, Suyama K, Nagata I.
    Journal: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo); 2011; 51(3):214-6. PubMed ID: 21441738.
    Abstract:
    A 45-year-old woman presented with a rare case of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) complicated with intracerebral hemorrhage after injury in a car accident. She had multiple injuries including facial bone fracture and slight subarachnoid hemorrhage around the left sylvian fissure. Emergent plastic surgery for the facial deformity was performed. Next day, she suffered intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe. Angiography revealed CCF, predominantly draining to the left superficial sylvian vein. The left internal carotid artery was occluded by endovascular treatment. The clinical triad of traumatic CCF is orbital bruit, exophthalmos, and chemosis. Hemorrhagic complication such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, epistaxis, and otorrhagia may occur according to the venous drainage pattern. Traumatic CCF may be accompanied by intracerebral hemorrhage.
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