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  • Title: Imaging diagnosis-portal vein aplasia and interruption of the caudal vena cava in three dogs.
    Author: Zwingenberger AL, Spriet M, Hunt GB.
    Journal: Vet Radiol Ultrasound; 2011; 52(4):444-7. PubMed ID: 21447038.
    Abstract:
    Severe portal vascular anomalies have been reported previously accompanying azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava, polysplenia, and situs anomalies in dogs and people. Three dogs with portal vascular anomalies were identified by means of CT angiography as having portal vein aplasia with portal insertion into the caudal vena cava, azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava, and interruption of the pre-hepatic caudal vena cava. This information confirms that complex embryological defects may occur in patients presenting for congenital portosystemic shunt, and that CT angiography is a non-invasive method of completely evaluating these potentially non-surgical portal vascular anomalies.
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