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  • Title: Early diagnosis of Horner syndrome using topical apraclonidine.
    Author: Cooper-Knock J, Pepper I, Hodgson T, Sharrack B.
    Journal: J Neuroophthalmol; 2011 Sep; 31(3):214-6. PubMed ID: 21566530.
    Abstract:
    The diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS) using apraclonidine eye drops is an alternative to the use of topical cocaine drops. A number of reports have described the efficacy of apraclonidine testing, but there is some debate over its sensitivity in the acute setting. We describe a patient with HS secondary to carotid dissection who had a positive response to apraclonidine 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. The case is made for a larger study of apraclonidine use to determine its true sensitivity and specificity, identify confounding factors, and redefine the criteria for positive testing.
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