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  • Title: Catheter-guided percutaneous heartworm removal using a nitinol basket in dogs with caval syndrome.
    Author: Yoon WK, Han D, Hyun C.
    Journal: J Vet Sci; 2011 Jun; 12(2):199-201. PubMed ID: 21586882.
    Abstract:
    Carval syndrome is a severe heartworm infection where the worms have migrated to the right atrium and vena cava; this condition is associated with a myriad of clinical signs. Several non-surgical and interventional methods are currently used for mechanical worm removal. However, the success rate and complications related to these methods are heavily dependent on methodology and retrieval devices used. In this study, we developed a catheter-guided heartworm removal method using a retrieval basket that can easily access pulmonary arteries and increase the number of worms removed per procedure. With this technique, we successfully treated four dogs with caval syndrome.
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