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  • Title: Reverse causation in activity-cognitive ability associations: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
    Author: Gow AJ, Corley J, Starr JM, Deary IJ.
    Journal: Psychol Aging; 2012 Mar; 27(1):250-5. PubMed ID: 21644808.
    Abstract:
    Active lifestyles might protect cognitive abilities; however, studies rarely consider the reverse causal direction. Activity-cognition associations might reflect stable intelligence differences rather than a protective effect of activity. The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 1091) completed cognitive tests aged 70, having taken an intelligence test aged 11. Activity (assessed by participation in 15 activities that produced a socio-intellectual activity factor, and by physical activity) was positively associated with cognition (r = .08 to .32, p ≤ .05). When age-11 IQ and adult social class were controlled, only physical activity remained significantly associated with general cognitive ability and processing speed.
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