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  • Title: Measurement of mass transfer during dip-pen nanolithography with phospholipids.
    Author: Biswas S, Hirtz M, Fuchs H.
    Journal: Small; 2011 Jul 18; 7(14):2081-6. PubMed ID: 21656674.
    Abstract:
    Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) has been extensively used before for patterning surfaces; however a complete understanding of the ink transport mechanisms is still lacking. Moreover, quality control of the fabricated structures is a bottleneck in DPN fabrication, and one aspect of this is the quantification of the ink mass transfer to the substrate during the lithographic process. There is a demand for measuring the exact amount of molecules deposited on a surface by lithographic methods, especially for biological applications. This article demonstrates a quantitative method for measuring the amount of ink transferred onto the substrate in DPN with phospholipids by dynamic force spectroscopy. To achieve this, the harmonic oscillation of a microcantilever in an atomic force microscope is used, obtaining picogram mass sensitivity in the determination of mass deposition.
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