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  • Title: Support-person promotion of a smoking quitline: a randomized controlled trial.
    Author: Patten CA, Smith CM, Brockman TA, Decker PA, Hughes CA, Nadeau AM, Sinicrope PS, Offord KP, Lichtenstein E, Zhu SH.
    Journal: Am J Prev Med; 2011 Jul; 41(1):17-23. PubMed ID: 21665059.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Quitlines and other evidence-based cessation treatments are greatly underutilized by smokers, limiting their public health impact. Social support is correlated with successful cessation. Thus, efforts targeting the social network of smokers could be a potential avenue to promote quitline utilization. PURPOSE: This study examined the efficacy of an intervention for nonsmokers interested in helping a smoker (i.e., support people) to promote smoker utilization of the Minnesota QUITPLAN(®) Helpline. Data were collected from 2007 to 2010, and analyses were conducted from 2010 to 2011. DESIGN: Two-group randomized design evaluating the support-person intervention (n=267) compared with a control condition (written materials, n=267). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Enrolled were 534 support people (91% female, 93% Caucasian) residing in Minnesota. INTERVENTION: Written materials plus three weekly telephone sessions lasting 10-30 minutes each. Based on Cohen's theory of social support, the intervention provided participants with information and skills needed to encourage their smoker to call the QUITPLAN Helpline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed the Support Provided Measure (SPM) by mail at baseline and Week 4 (end-of-treatment). Helpline intake staff documented smoker calls to the Helpline through 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of calls to the Helpline was significantly (p=0.012) greater for smokers linked to support people in the intervention group (16.1%, 43/267) than in the control group (8.6%, 23/267). The treatment effect remained significant after adjusting for support person residing with the smoker (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.19, 3.49, p=0.010). Among support people randomly assigned to the intervention group, greater number of sessions completed was associated with increased smokers' calls to the Helpline (p=0.004). After adjusting for the baseline score, the M±SD SPM score at Week 4 was significantly higher for support people in the intervention group (16.4±3.3) than for those in the control group (15.3±3.6), p=0.002. CONCLUSIONS: A support-person intervention is effective in increasing smoker utilization of the QUITPLAN Helpline. There is potential for increasing the reach of quitlines by targeting the social network of smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION #: NCT01311830.
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