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  • Title: Toll-like receptor 9, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor, and CD40 synergize in causing B-cell activation.
    Author: Ozcan E, Rauter I, Garibyan L, Dillon SR, Geha RS.
    Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol; 2011 Sep; 128(3):601-9.e1-4. PubMed ID: 21741080.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: B cells receive activating signals from T cells through CD40, from microbial DNA through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, and from dendritic cells through transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI). TLR9 and CD40 ligation augment TACI-driven B-cell activation, but only the mechanism of synergy between CD40 and TACI has been explored. Synergy between CD40 and TLR9 in B-cell activation is controversial. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the mechanisms by which TLR9 modulates CD40- and TACI-mediated activation of B cells and to determine whether all 3 receptors synergize to activate B cells. METHODS: Naive murine B cells and human PBMCs were stimulated with combinations of anti-CD40, CpG, and a proliferation inducing ligand in the presence of IL-4. Proliferation was measured by means of tritiated thymidine incorporation. Immunoglobulin production was measured by means of ELISA. Class-switch recombination (CSR) was examined by measuring mRNA for germline transcripts, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA), and mature immunoglobulin transcripts. Plasma cell differentiation was examined by using syndecan-1/CD138 staining and mRNA expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1). RESULTS: TLR9 synergized with CD40 and TACI in driving CSR and inducing IgG(1) and IgE secretion by naive murine B cells and synergized with TACI in driving B-cell proliferation and plasma cell differentiation. All 3 receptors synergized together in driving murine B-cell proliferation, CSR, plasma cell differentiation, and IgG(1) and IgE secretion. TLR9 synergized with CD40 and TACI in driving IgG secretion in IL-4-stimulated human B cells. CONCLUSION: Signals from TLR9, TACI, and CD40 are integrated to promote B-cell activation and differentiation.
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