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  • Title: Managing a massacre: savagery, civility, and gender in Moro Province in the wake of Bud Dajo.
    Author: Hawkins MC.
    Journal: Philipp Stud; 2011; 59(1):83-105. PubMed ID: 21751483.
    Abstract:
    This article examines the delicate ideological maneuverings that shaped American colonial constructions of savagery, civility, and gender in the wake of the Bud Dajo massacre in the Philippines's Muslim south in 1906. It looks particularly at shifting notions of femininity and masculinity as these related to episodes of violence and colonial control. The article concludes that, while the Bud Dajo massacre was a terrible black mark on the American military's record in Mindanao and Sulu, colonial officials ultimately used the event to positively affirm existing discourses of power and justification, which helped to sustain and guide military rule in the Muslim south for another seven years.
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