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  • Title: A 10-Fr ultrasound catheter with integrated micromotor for 4-D intracardiac echocardiography.
    Author: Lee W, Griffin W, Wildes D, Buckley D, Topka T, Chodakauskas T, Langer M, Calisti S, Bergstøl S, Malacrida JP, Lanteri F, Maffre J, McDaniel B, Shivkumar K, Cummings J, Callans D, Silvestry F, Packer D.
    Journal: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control; 2011 Jul; 58(7):1478-91. PubMed ID: 21768032.
    Abstract:
    We developed prototype real-time 3-D intracardiac echocardiography catheters with integrated micromotors, allowing internal oscillation of a low-profile 64-element, 6.2-MHz phased-array transducer in the elevation direction. Components were designed to facilitate rotation of the array, including a low-torque flexible transducer interconnect and miniature fixtures for the transducer and micromotor. The catheter tip prototypes were integrated with two-way deflectable 10-Fr catheters and used in in vivo animal testing at multiple facilities. The 4-D ICE catheters were capable of imaging a 90° azimuth by up to 180° elevation field of view. Volume rates ranged from 1 vol/sec (180° elevation) to approximately 10 vol/sec (60° elevation). We successfully imaged electrophysiology catheters, atrial septal puncture procedures, and detailed cardiac anatomy. The elevation oscillation enabled 3-D visualization of devices and anatomy, providing new clinical information and perspective not possible with current 2-D imaging catheters.
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