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  • Title: Lymphatic dynamics of liver by hepatic lymphography using lipiodol ultra fluid.
    Author: Rajaram PC, Subramanian R.
    Journal: Lymphology; 1978 Sep; 11(3):93-100. PubMed ID: 218061.
    Abstract:
    Hepatic lymphography by intra-parenchymal injection of four to ten millilitres (ml) of lipiodol ultrafluid, our modification of functional hepatography, performed on sixty one patients helped study lymphatic dynamics of liver. In conditions associated with significant hepatic venous outflow obstructions, such as hepatic cirrhosis, inflammatory diseases of liver and primary or secondary malignant lesions of the liver, this study delineated liver lymphatics and portal and para aortic lymph nodes. In one case mediastinal nodes were also delineated by flow of lipiodol from the bare area of the liver via trans-diaphragmatic and pleural lymphatic. The lymphangio-architecture of the opacified nodes depicted the nature of pathology inflicting them and the liver. Lipiodol in the lymphatic system, staying longer than the freely diffusible aqueous contrast, provided more detail and better information.
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