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  • Title: Congenital malformations of the temporal bone.
    Author: Mukerji SS, Parmar HA, Ibrahim M, Mukherji SK.
    Journal: Neuroimaging Clin N Am; 2011 Aug; 21(3):603-19, viii. PubMed ID: 21807314.
    Abstract:
    Congenital ear or temporal bone malformations are a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and surgeons alike. Newer imaging techniques can detect subtle changes in middle ear and cochlear anatomy. This information is invaluable with increasing use of hearing restoration surgeries and/or cochlear implants in such patients. This article discusses the embryogenesis, classification system, and salient imaging findings of congenital outer, middle ear, and inner ear anomalies in children. Both high-resolution computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the temporal bones are described.
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