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  • Title: Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases related to metastasis by diosgenyl and pennogenyl saponins.
    Author: Man S, Gao W, Yan Y, Liu Z, Liu C.
    Journal: J Ethnopharmacol; 2011 Oct 11; 137(3):1221-7. PubMed ID: 21816213.
    Abstract:
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diosgenyl and pennogenyl saponins isolated from Rhizoma Paridis, showed pro-apoptosis and immunoregulation with antitumor activity in cultured cells and animal systems. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate their anti-metastatic mechanism on cancer cells and discuss their structure-activity relationship on anti-tumor effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used the wound healing and migration assay to detect their anti-invasive effect on B16 melanoma cells. Through the gelatin zymography assay, immunofluorescence analysis and western blot, saponins exhibited different levels of protein expression inhibition of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9 and -14. RESULTS: Through the analysis, diosgenyl and pennogenyl saponins inhibited the metastasis of B16 melanoma cells. Diosgenyl saponins also showed strong suppression of enzyme activity of MMP-2 and -9. Different saponins exhibited different levels of inhibition on MMP expression. CONCLUSIONS: 17-α OH increases the sensitivity of diosgenyl saponins to the membrane-bound protease which can stimulate proMMP-2 activation, but it also decreases the anti-metastatic activity of diosgenyl saponin. Furthermore, their combination might provide a potential therapeutic modality for metastasis.
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