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  • Title: PM10 source apportionment in Milan (Italy) using time-resolved data.
    Author: Bernardoni V, Vecchi R, Valli G, Piazzalunga A, Fermo P.
    Journal: Sci Total Environ; 2011 Oct 15; 409(22):4788-95. PubMed ID: 21851961.
    Abstract:
    In this work Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to 4-hour resolved PM10 data collected in Milan (Italy) during summer and winter 2006. PM10 characterisation included elements (Mg-Pb), main inorganic ions (NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)), levoglucosan and its isomers (mannosan and galactosan), and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC). PMF resolved seven factors that were assigned to construction works, re-suspended dust, secondary sulphate, traffic, industry, secondary nitrate, and wood burning. Multi Linear Regression was applied to obtain the PM10 source apportionment. The 4-hour temporal resolution allowed the estimation of the factor contributions during peculiar episodes, which would have not been detected with the traditional 24-hour sampling strategy.
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