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  • Title: Vitamin D and parathormone levels of late-preterm formula fed infants during the first year of life.
    Author: Giapros VI, Schiza V, Challa AS, Cholevas VK, Theocharis PD, Kolios G, Pantou C, Andronikou SK.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr; 2012 Feb; 66(2):224-30. PubMed ID: 21897423.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Preterm infants are at risk for low vitamin D but documentation on late-preterm infants is sparse. This prospective study monitored longitudinally vitamin D and parathormone (PTH) levels in late-preterm formula fed infants during the first year of life, taking into consideration in utero and postnatal growth, and season and diet. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population comprised 128 infants of gestational age (GA) 32-36 weeks, of which 102 were appropriate (AGA) and the remaining 26 were small for GA (SGA). Serum levels of vitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH calcium, phosphate (P) and alkaline phosphate were estimated at 2 and 6 weeks, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. RESULTS: The 25(OH)D levels were relatively low at 2 and 6 weeks in both AGA and SGA infants (21±11, 20±7 ng/ml and 25±16, 23±8 ng/ml, respectively), but increased at 6 months (45±14, 47±10 ng/ml) and remained stable thereafter. SGA infants had lower 25(OH)D levels at 9 and 12 months (AGA 45±14, 47±18 ng/ml vs SGA 38±13, 37±13 ng/ml, P<0.05). Deficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/ml) was found in 18.5% of measurements in 92 (72%) infants, and its insufficiency (20-32 ng/ml) was found in 29.2% of measurements in 99 (77.3%) infants. Most measurements with vitamin D <32 ng/ml were observed at the first three study points, where PTH showed an inverse association with 25(OH)D, reaching a plateau thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Late-preterm, formula fed infants may have suboptimal vitamin D levels and elevated PTH, especially, during the first 3 months. Those born SGA may have lower vitamin D levels up to the end of the first year of life.
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