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  • Title: Retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization of high-flow peripheral arteriovenous malformations.
    Author: van der Linden E, van Baalen JM, Pattynama PM.
    Journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol; 2012 Aug; 35(4):820-5. PubMed ID: 21901581.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To report the clinical efficiency and complications in patients treated with retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization of high-flow peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization of high-flow AVMs is a technique that can be used to treat AVMs with a dominant outflow vein whenever conventional interventional procedures have proved insufficient. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the clinical effectiveness and complications of retrograde embolization in five patients who had previously undergone multiple arterial embolization procedures without clinical success. RESULTS: Clinical outcomes were good in all patients but were achieved at the cost of serious, although transient, complications in three patients. CONCLUSION: Retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization is a highly effective therapy for high-flow AVMs. However, because of the high complication rate, it should be reserved as a last resort, to be used after conventional treatment options have failed.
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