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  • Title: The relationship between spirituality and religiosity on psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults: a meta-analytic review.
    Author: Yonker JE, Schnabelrauch CA, Dehaan LG.
    Journal: J Adolesc; 2012 Apr; 35(2):299-314. PubMed ID: 21920596.
    Abstract:
    The present study used meta-analytic techniques to examine the association between spirituality and religiosity (S/R) and psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults. The outcome measures of risk behavior, depression, well-being, self-esteem, and personality were examined with respect to the influence of S/R across 75 independent studies encompassing 66,273 adolescents and emerging adults extracted from electronic databases between 1990 and 2010. Results showed significant main effect sizes of S/R with several outcomes: risk behavior, -.17; depression, -.11; well-being, .16; self-esteem, .11; and the personality measures of Conscientiousness, .19; Agreeableness, .18; Openness, .14. Moderating effects were found for age, race, and type of S/R measure. Results show that S/R has a positive effect on psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults. Possible explanations and implications of these results are discussed.
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