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  • Title: Epidemiology of acute encephalopathy in Japan, with emphasis on the association of viruses and syndromes.
    Author: Hoshino A, Saitoh M, Oka A, Okumura A, Kubota M, Saito Y, Takanashi J, Hirose S, Yamagata T, Yamanouchi H, Mizuguchi M.
    Journal: Brain Dev; 2012 May; 34(5):337-43. PubMed ID: 21924570.
    Abstract:
    A research committee supported by the Japanese government conducted a nationwide survey on the epidemiology of acute encephalopathy in Japan using a questionnaire. A total of 983 cases reportedly had acute encephalopathy during the past 3 years, 2007-2010. Among the pathogens of the preceding infection, influenza virus was the most common, followed by human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and rotavirus. Among syndromes of acute encephalopathy, acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) was the most frequent, followed by clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS), acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES). Influenza virus was strongly associated with ANE and MERS, HHV-6 with AESD, and rotavirus with MERS. Mortality was high in ANE and HSES, but was low in AESD, MERS and HHV-6-associated encephalopathy. Neurologic sequelae were common in AESD and ANE, but were absent in MERS.
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