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  • Title: Glucose increases intracellular free Ca(2+) in tanycytes via ATP released through connexin 43 hemichannels.
    Author: Orellana JA, Sáez PJ, Cortés-Campos C, Elizondo RJ, Shoji KF, Contreras-Duarte S, Figueroa V, Velarde V, Jiang JX, Nualart F, Sáez JC, García MA.
    Journal: Glia; 2012 Jan; 60(1):53-68. PubMed ID: 21987367.
    Abstract:
    The ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in regulating feeding and satiety behavior, and its neurons interact with specialized ependymal-glial cells, termed tanycytes. The latter express glucose-sensing proteins, including glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, and ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP) ) channels, suggesting their involvement in hypothalamic glucosensing. Here, the transduction mechanism involved in the glucose-induced rise of intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ](i) ) in cultured β-tanycytes was examined. Fura-2AM time-lapse fluorescence images revealed that glucose increases the intracellular Ca(2+) signal in a concentration-dependent manner. Glucose transportation, primarily via glucose transporters, and metabolism via anaerobic glycolysis increased connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel activity, evaluated by ethidium uptake and whole cell patch clamp recordings, through a K(ATP) channel-dependent pathway. Consequently, ATP export to the extracellular milieu was enhanced, resulting in activation of purinergic P2Y(1) receptors followed by inositol trisphosphate receptor activation and Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. The present study identifies the mechanism by which glucose increases [Ca(2+) ](i) in tanycytes. It also establishes that Cx43 hemichannels can be rapidly activated under physiological conditions by the sequential activation of glucosensing proteins in normal tanycytes.
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