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  • Title: Hydrogen sulfide inhibits hypoxia- but not anoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation in a von hippel-lindau- and mitochondria-dependent manner.
    Author: Kai S, Tanaka T, Daijo H, Harada H, Kishimoto S, Suzuki K, Takabuchi S, Takenaga K, Fukuda K, Hirota K.
    Journal: Antioxid Redox Signal; 2012 Feb 01; 16(3):203-16. PubMed ID: 22004513.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: In addition to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an endogenously synthesized gaseous molecule that acts as an important signaling molecule in the living body. Transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is known to respond to intracellular reduced oxygen (O(2)) availability, which is regulated by an elaborate balance between O(2) supply and demand. However, the effect of H(2)S on HIF-1 activity under hypoxic conditions is largely unknown in mammalian cells. In this study, we tried to elucidate the effect of H(2)S on hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation adopting cultured cells and mice. RESULTS: The H(2)S donors sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide in pharmacological concentrations reversibly reduced cellular O(2) consumption and inhibited hypoxia- but not anoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and expression of genes downstream of HIF-1 in established cell lines. H(2)S did not affect HIF-1 activation induced by the HIF-α hydroxylases inhibitors desferrioxamine or CoCl(2). Experimental evidence adopting von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)- or mitochondria-deficient cells indicated that H(2)S did not affect neosynthesis of HIF-1α protein but destabilized HIF-1α in a VHL- and mitochondria-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that exogenously administered H(2)S inhibited HIF-1-dependent gene expression in mice. INNOVATION: For the first time, we show that H(2)S modulates intracellular O(2) homeostasis and regulates activation of HIF-1 and the subsequent gene expression induced by hypoxia by using an in vitro system with established cell lines and an in vivo system in mice. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that H(2)S inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in a VHL- and mitochondria-dependent manner.
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