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  • Title: Delayed granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment promotes functional recovery in rats with severe contusive spinal cord injury.
    Author: Lee JS, Yang CC, Kuo YM, Sze CI, Hsu JY, Huang YH, Tzeng SF, Tsai CL, Chen HH, Jou IM.
    Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976); 2012 Jan 01; 37(1):10-7. PubMed ID: 22024901.
    Abstract:
    STUDY DESIGN: We used a severe contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) model and electrophysiologic, motor functional, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations to analyze the neuroprotective effects of delayed granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the neuroprotective effects of delayed G-CSF treatment using multimodality evaluations after severe contusive SCI in rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite some reports that G-CSF treatment in the acute stage of different central nervous system injury models was neuroprotective, it has not been determined whether delayed G-CSF treatment can promote neural recovery in severe contusive SCI. METHODS: Rats with severe contusive SCI were divided into 2 groups: G-CSF group rats were given serial subcutaneous injections of G-CSF, and control group rats (controls) were given only saline injections on postcontusion days 9 to 13. Using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials, we recorded functional evaluations weekly. The spinal cords were harvested for protein and immunohistochemical analysis, and for electron microscopy examination. RESULTS: The preserved spinal cord area was larger in G-CSF group rats than in control group rats. Both sensory and motor functions improved after G-CSF treatment. Detachment and disruption of the myelin sheets in the myelinated axons were significantly decreased, and axons sprouted and regenerated. There were fewer microglia and macrophages in the G-CSF group than in the control group. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor were comparable between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Delayed G-CSF treatment at the subacute stage of severe contusive SCI promoted spinal cord preservation and improved functional outcomes. The mechanism of G-CSF's protection may be related in part to attenuating the infiltration of microglia and macrophages.
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