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  • Title: Rapid and efficient ultrasound-assisted method for the combinatorial synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives.
    Author: Zou Y, Hu Y, Liu H, Shi D.
    Journal: ACS Comb Sci; 2012 Jan 09; 14(1):38-43. PubMed ID: 22141731.
    Abstract:
    An efficient one-pot synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives by four-component reaction of hydrazine, β-keto ester, isatin, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate catalyzed by piperidine under ultrasound irradiation is described. This synthesis was confirmed to follow the group-assistant-purification chemistry (GAP) chemistry process, which can avoid traditional chromatography and recrystallization purifications.
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