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  • Title: Adipocytokine zinc α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) as a novel urinary biomarker for normo-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
    Author: Lim SC, Liying DQ, Toy WC, Wong M, Yeoh LY, Tan C, Lau D, Tan C, Subramaniam T, Sum CF.
    Journal: Diabet Med; 2012 Jul; 29(7):945-9. PubMed ID: 22211921.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: A substantial proportion of diabetic nephropathy individuals are non-albuminuric. Using a proteomic approach, we searched for novel urinary biomarkers. METHODS: We studied three groups (n = 6 per group) of males with Type 2 diabetes: (1) normal renal function; (2) classical diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio > 1000 mg/g and glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m(2) ) and (3) non-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy (glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g). We used two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry peptide identification and western blot validation in the study. RESULTS: Sixty protein spots were differentially abundant between the non-albuminuric and macro-albuminuric subjects (> 2.5-fold, P < 0.05). In the non-albuminuric subjects, in addition to previously reported α(1) -microglobulin, the next most interesting spot (upregulated 3.44-fold, P = 0.0026) was human zinc-α(2) -glycoprotein, a novel adipose-cytokine associated with glomerular injury. This was confirmed by western blot and replicated in female diabetic nephropathy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: From our preliminary results, human zinc-α(2) -glycoprotein may be a novel urinary biomarker for non-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
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