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  • Title: Management of bladder volumes when using neuraxial anesthesia.
    Author: Mulroy MF, Alley EA.
    Journal: Int Anesthesiol Clin; 2012; 50(1):101-10. PubMed ID: 22227426.
    Abstract:
    The major principles of management of bladder function during outpatient neuraxial blockade include choice of short-acting local anesthetics, avoidance of adding epinephrine, and reasonable fluid administration (750 to 1000 mL) to avoid overdistention of the bladder. Data suggest that low-risk patients are at no greater risk of retention than after general anesthesia, and may be discharged home with similar instructions regarding return if unable to void. High-risk patients may require closer monitoring with a BUS, and catheter drainage if volumes exceed 600 mL.
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