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  • Title: Effects of sampling context on spontaneous expressive language in males with fragile X syndrome or Down syndrome.
    Author: Kover ST, McDuffie A, Abbeduto L, Brown WT.
    Journal: J Speech Lang Hear Res; 2012 Aug; 55(4):1022-38. PubMed ID: 22232386.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: In this study, the authors examined the impact of sampling context on multiple aspects of expressive language in male participants with fragile X syndrome in comparison to male participants with Down syndrome or typical development. METHOD: Participants with fragile X syndrome ( n = 27), ages 10-17 years, were matched groupwise on nonverbal mental age to adolescents with Down syndrome ( n = 15) and typically developing 3- to 6-year-olds ( n = 15). Language sampling contexts were an interview-style conversation and narration of a wordless book, with scripted examiner behavior. Language was assessed in terms of amount of talk, mean length of communication unit (MLCU), lexical diversity, fluency, and intelligibility. RESULTS: Participants with fragile X syndrome had lower MLCU and lexical diversity than did participants with typical development. Participants with Down syndrome produced yet lower MLCU. A differential effect of context among those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and typical development emerged for the number of attempts per minute, MLCU, and fluency. For participants with fragile X syndrome, autism symptom severity related to the number of utterances produced in conversation. Aspects of examiner behavior related to participant performance. CONCLUSION: Sampling context characteristics should be considered when assessing expressive language in individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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