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  • Title: Genetic evaluation of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Iraq using FTA cards.
    Author: Al-Kzayer LF, Sakashita K, Matsuda K, Al-Hadad SA, Al-Jadiry MF, Abed WM, Abdulkadhim JM, Al-Shujairi TA, Hasan JG, Al-Abdullah HM, Al-Ani MH, Saber PA, Inoshita T, Kamata M, Koike K.
    Journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer; 2012 Sep; 59(3):461-7. PubMed ID: 22238115.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Genetic examination of childhood leukemia has not been available in Iraq. We here report the frequency of TEL-AML1, E2A-PBX1, MLL-AF4, and BCR-ABL chimeric transcripts in 264 Iraqi children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using FTA cards impregnated with bone marrow aspirate or whole blood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The diagnosis of ALL was made according to standard French-American-British morphologic criteria. Based on the results of storage temperature and duration, most of the FTA samples were preserved at 4°C for up to 6 weeks in five Iraqi hospitals and then transferred to Japan for molecular analysis. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was adopted for the analysis. RESULTS: TEL-AML1 chimeric transcript product was found in 32 (12.1%) of 264 ALL patients. Eleven (4.2%) patients, 4 (1.5%) patients, and 11 (4.2%) patients had E2A-PBX1 mRNA, MLL-AF4 mRNA, and BCR-ABL mRNA, respectively. One patient had both TEL-AML1 and E2A-PBX1 fusion genes. The incidence of TEL-AML1 in Iraqi ALL children appears to be similar to or slightly higher than those of Jordan (12%) and Kuwait (7%). The prevalence and clinical findings of ALL patients with either E2A-PBX1 or BCR-ABL were comparable to the data reported elsewhere. CONCLUSION: International collaboration via FTA cards may be helpful to improve diagnosis and management of patients with hematological malignancies in low-income and underdeveloped countries.
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