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  • Title: Fluctuation in the concentrations of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in mass screening for neuroblastoma.
    Author: Nishi M, Miyake H, Takeda T, Yamashiro K, Takasugi N, Hanai J, Kawai T.
    Journal: Eur J Pediatr; 1990 Sep; 149(12):859-61. PubMed ID: 2226572.
    Abstract:
    Fluctuations in the amount of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were studied in random urine samples from 13 infants with neuroblastoma. In patients with a small tumour, many samples contained amounts below the cut off values, suggesting that detection of a patient with neuroblastoma depended on mathematical probability. Using high performance liquid chromatography a patient with a tumour of about 10 g may well be overlooked, whereas a patient whose tumour weighs over 30 g would probably be detected. With qualitative screening, although more likely to miss a patient with low VMA excretion, a patient with a tumour weighing over 50 g would be detected. In a thorough hospital examination care should be exercised in interpreting borderline values of VMA and HVA; excretion information suggesting the existence of a tumour may aid localization by radiological imaging procedures.
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