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  • Title: Cannabinoids and metabolites in expectorated oral fluid following controlled smoked cannabis.
    Author: Milman G, Schwope DM, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA.
    Journal: Clin Chim Acta; 2012 Apr 11; 413(7-8):765-70. PubMed ID: 22285315.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: ∆(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid (OF) implies cannabis intake, but eliminating passive exposure and improving interpretation of test results requires additional research. METHODS: Ten adult cannabis users smoked ad libitum one 6.8% THC cigarette. Expectorated OF was collected for up to 22 h, and analyzed within 24h of collection. THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), cannabidiol, and cannabinol were quantified by 2-dimensional-GCMS. RESULTS: Eighty specimens were analyzed; 6 could not be collected due to dry mouth. THC was quantifiable in 95.2%, cannabidiol in 69.3%, cannabinol in 62.3%, and THCCOOH in 94.7% of specimens. Highest THC, cannabidiol, and cannabinol concentrations were 22370, 1000, and 1964 μg/l, respectively, 0.25 h after the start of smoking; THCCOOH peaked within 2h (up to 560 ng/l). Concentrations 6h after smoking were THC (0.9-90.4 μg/l) and THCCOOH (17.0-151 ng/l) (8 of 9 positive for both); only 4 were positive for cannabidiol (0.5-2.4 μg/l) and cannabinol (1.0-3.0 μg/l). By 22 h, there were 4 THC (0.4-10.3 μg/l), 5 THCCOOH (6.0-24.0 ng/l), 1 cannabidiol (0.3 μg/l), and no cannabinol positive specimens. CONCLUSIONS: THCCOOH in OF suggests no passive contamination, and CBD and CBN suggest recent cannabis smoking. Seventeen alternative cutoffs were evaluated to meet the needs of different drug testing programs.
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