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  • Title: Advances in lead-free piezoelectric materials for sensors and actuators.
    Author: Aksel E, Jones JL.
    Journal: Sensors (Basel); 2010; 10(3):1935-54. PubMed ID: 22294907.
    Abstract:
    Piezoelectrics have widespread use in today's sensor and actuator technologies. However, most commercially available piezoelectric materials, e.g., Pb [Zr(x)Ti(1-x)] O(3) (PZT), are comprised of more than 60 weight percent lead (Pb). Due to its harmful effects, there is a strong impetus to identify new lead-free replacement materials with comparable properties to those of PZT. This review highlights recent developments in several lead-free piezoelectric materials including BaTiO(3), Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3), K(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3), Na(0.5)K(0.5)NbO(3), and their solid solutions. The factors that contribute to strong piezoelectric behavior are described and a summary of the properties for the various systems is provided.
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