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  • Title: Effect of intermittent interleukin-2 therapy on CD4+ T-cell counts following antiretroviral cessation in patients with HIV.
    Author: Lévy Y, Thiébaut R, Gougeon ML, Molina JM, Weiss L, Girard PM, Venet A, Morlat P, Poirier B, Lascaux AS, Boucherie C, Sereni D, Rouzioux C, Viard JP, Lane C, Delfraissy JF, Sereti I, Chêne G, ILIADE Study Group.
    Journal: AIDS; 2012 Mar 27; 26(6):711-20. PubMed ID: 22301410.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-2 therapy impacts T-cell homeostasis. Whether IL-2 expanded CD4(+) T cells may persist following viral rebound has not been fully investigated. METHODS: Patients with CD4(+) T cells 500/μl or more and HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml were randomized to continue antiretroviral therapy (ART) either alone (n = 67) or combined with three IL-2 cycles (n = 81; 6 million units) twice daily for 5 days at weeks 0, 8, and 16 before stopping ART (week 24). Patients were followed up to 168 weeks. RESULTS: At week 24, median CD4(+) T-cell counts were 1198 and 703 cells/μl in the IL-2 and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). At week 72, 27% (IL-2 group) and 45% (control group; P = 0.03) of patients were in failure (defined as no interruption of ART at week 24, CD4 drop below 350 cells/μl or ART resumption). After week 24, a biphasic decline (before and after week 32) of CD4 was noted -106 and -7 cells/μl per month in controls and -234 and -17 in IL-2 group (all P ≤ 0.0001). At week 96, IL-2-expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells remained higher than in the control group (26 vs. 16%, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: In IL-2-treated patients, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells persisting despite viral replication allow a longer period of ART interruption.
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