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  • Title: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding in women using hormone replacement therapy.
    Author: Burbos N, Musonda P, Duncan TJ, Crocker SG, Nieto JJ, Morris EP.
    Journal: Menopause Int; 2012 Mar; 18(1):5-9. PubMed ID: 22323674.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women presenting with vaginal bleeding using estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens and to assess if the duration of HRT use has an effect on the risk of diagnosing endometrial cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of consecutive women presenting with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding at a gynaecological oncology centre in the UK. Main outcome measures Endometrial cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: Over a 62-month period, 4847 women were investigated for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. The majority of women (4097, 84.5%) did not use any HRT preparation at the time of initial referral and 750 (15.5%) women were using combined HRT preparations. A total of 298 (6.1%) women were diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. Women using HRT preparations were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with endometrial cancer compared with women not using HRT (adjusted odds ratio = 0.229, 95% CI 0.116-0.452; P < 0.0001). The longer duration of HRT use did increase the risk of diagnosing endometrial cancer in women presenting with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women presenting with vaginal bleeding and using combined HRT preparations have significantly lower risk of being diagnosed with endometrial cancer when compared with women not using HRT.
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