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  • Title: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence, incidence, and residual transfusion risk among blood donors in Brazil during 2007-2009.
    Author: Carneiro-Proietti AB, Sabino EC, Leão S, Salles NA, Loureiro P, Sarr M, Wright D, Busch M, Proietti FA, Murphy EL, NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II (Reds-II), International Component.
    Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses; 2012 Oct; 28(10):1265-72. PubMed ID: 22324906.
    Abstract:
    Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection is endemic in Brazil but representative donor prevalence and incidence data are lacking. All blood donations (2007-2009) from three blood centers in Brazil were studied. Samples reactive on one HTLV screening test (EIA) were retested with a different EIA; dual EIA reactivity correlated strongly with a confirmatory Western blot. Prevalence, incidence, and residual transfusion risk were calculated. Among 281,760 first-time donors, 363 were positive for HTLV on both EIAs (135 per 10(5), 95% CI 122-150). Prevalence differed considerably by region, from 83 to 222 per 10(5). Overall incidence rate was 3.6/10(5) person-years and residual transfusion risk was 5.0/10(6) per blood unit transfused. The logistic regression model showed significant associations with: age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=5.23 for age 50+ vs. <20], female sex (aOR=1.97), black (aOR=2.70 vs. white), and mixed skin colors (aOR=1.78 vs. white), and inversely with education (aOR=0.49, college vs. less than high school). HTLV testing with a dual-EIA strategy is feasible and can be useful in areas with low resources. Incidence and residual risk of HTLV-1 transmission by transfusion were relatively high and could be reduced by improving donor recruitment and selection in high prevalence areas. Blood center data may contribute to surveillance for HTLV infection.
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