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  • Title: A protocol for the acute control of agitation in palliative care: a preliminary report.
    Author: Gonçalves F, Almeida A, Teixeira S, Pereira S, Edra N.
    Journal: Am J Hosp Palliat Care; 2012 Nov; 29(7):522-4. PubMed ID: 22363035.
    Abstract:
    Agitation is one of the most frequent causes for palliative sedation. It often requires urgent control to avoid negative consequences and even endangerment of all involved, including the patients themselves. A protocol for the control of episodes of agitation was developed, based on a previous experience. The protocol includes a combination of haloperidol and midazolam. The protocol was used 86 times in 27 patients. Each patient was sedated from 1 to 12 times, median 2 times. The median time from the beginning of sedation to the control of agitation was 15 minutes with a range from 1 minute (2 cases) to 3 hours and 5 minutes (only 1 case). In 71 cases (83%), only the first dose was needed. There were no significant complications.
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