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  • Title: Cytotoxic effect of evodiamine in SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
    Author: Rasul A, Yu B, Zhong L, Khan M, Yang H, Ma T.
    Journal: Oncol Rep; 2012 May; 27(5):1481-7. PubMed ID: 22367117.
    Abstract:
    Evodiamine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, possesses potent anticancer activity. Although many reports have elucidated the cytotoxic effects of evodiamine in a variety of cancer cells, little is known about the mechanism of evodiamine-induced cytotoxic activity in gastric cancer cells. To date, no report has addressed the synchronized role of autophagy and apoptosis in evodiamine-induced cytotoxic activity. This study was conducted to investigate the synchronized role of autophagy and apoptosis in evodiamine-induced cytotoxic activity on SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and further to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity of evodiamine against SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The effects of evodiamine on the cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cyto-metry and cellular morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope. Acridine orange (AO) staining was used to detect autophagy. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting. The expression level of Beclin‑1 in SGC-7901 cells was monitored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Here, we found that evodiamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, both autophagy and apoptosis were activated during the evodiamine-induced death of SGC-7901 cells. Evodiamine-induced autophagy is partially involved in the death of SGC-7901 cells which was confirmed by using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Additionally, Beclin-1 is involved in evodiamine-induced autophagy and the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of evodiamine may be associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax expression. The inhibitory effects on SGC-7901 cells were associated with apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that evodiamine is an effective natural compound for the treatment of gastric cancer and may represent a candidate for in vivo studies of monotherapies or combined antitumor therapies.
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