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  • Title: Lupus anticoagulant and ANCA associated thrombotic vasculopathy due to cocaine contaminated with levamisole: a case report and review of the literature.
    Author: Gulati S, Donato AA.
    Journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis; 2012 Jul; 34(1):7-10. PubMed ID: 22437653.
    Abstract:
    A 2010 US report recently detected the presence of levamisole in greater than 77 % of seized cocaine samples. A syndrome of retiform purpura, often involving ears and flanks, with vasculopathy or vasculitis on biopsy, associated with anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies as well as antiphospholipid antibodies, previously associated with therapeutic use of levamisole has now re-emerged, and is associated with cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Patients with this unusual constellation of signs and laboratory findings should be questioned about exposure to cocaine.
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