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  • Title: Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast.
    Author: Hills FA, Mehmet H, Sullivan MH.
    Journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 2012 Jul; 163(1):11-6. PubMed ID: 22486985.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), heparin, aspirin and vitamin C on the proliferation and apoptosis of human villous cytotrophoblast from first trimester and term placentae. STUDY DESIGN: Villous cytotrophoblast cells were isolated from uncomplicated first trimester (n=12) and term placental tissues (n=12) using negative immunoselection with an antibody to HLA class I antigens. Cells were incubated with IGF-I, IGF-II, heparin, aspirin and vitamin C either alone, or in combination with either TNF-α/IFN-γ or staurosporine. Proliferation was determined by measurement of Ki67 expression using immunocytochemistry. Trophoblast apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. Finally RT-PCR was carried out to identify IGF-binding insulin receptor isoforms. Data were expressed as means±SEM. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction was used to determine if differences between groups were statistically significant. RESULTS: Following negative immunoselection >98% of cells were positively stained for cytokeratin 7, a marker for cytotrophoblasts, and <1% were vimentin positive. First trimester and term trophoblasts underwent spontaneous apoptosis which was inhibited by approximately 50% in the presence of IGF-II or heparin. Apoptosis was significantly increased following incubation with a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ or staurosporine. Apoptosis was decreased to basal levels following coincubation with IGF-II or heparin. Incubation with IGFs or heparin resulted in a small, but significant increase in Ki67 expression. Insulin receptor isoform A, which binds IGF-II with high affinity, was present in all trophoblast samples tested. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that heparin and IGF-II, but not IGF-I are important regulators of villous cytotrophoblast survival in early and late pregnancy.
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