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  • Title: Muscle dysmorphia in different degrees of bodybuilding activities: validation of the Italian version of Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory and Bodybuilder Image Grid.
    Author: Santarnecchi E, Dèttore D.
    Journal: Body Image; 2012 Jun; 9(3):396-403. PubMed ID: 22521181.
    Abstract:
    The purpose of the study was to validate two measures of muscle dysmorphia (MD) into the Italian language. The sample included three participant groups: (1) competing bodybuilders, (2) non-competing bodybuilders, and (3) non-bodybuilding controls. In general the Italian versions of the scales showed psychometric utility that is consistent with the original instruments. The severity of MD was greater for competing bodybuilders than non-competing bodybuilders and controls.
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