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  • Title: Venous thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a congenital rib malformation.
    Author: Kirschbaum A, Palade E, Csatari Z, Passlick B.
    Journal: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg; 2012 Aug; 15(2):328-9. PubMed ID: 22544354.
    Abstract:
    Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) represents a rare disorder. Hypertrophy of the anterior scalene musculature is the cause of the compression syndrome in most cases. To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case worldwide of a venous compression syndrome caused by a congenital malformation of the 1st and 2nd ribs. Treatment by transaxillary partial rib resection was necessary and a very good postoperative result was achieved.
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