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  • Title: Proliferation and maturation of microvessels in arteriovenous malformations--expression patterns of angiogenic and cell cycle-dependent factors.
    Author: Meijer-Jorna LB, van der Loos CM, Teeling P, de Boer OJ, Florquin S, van der Horst CM, van der Wal AC.
    Journal: J Cutan Pathol; 2012 Jun; 39(6):610-20. PubMed ID: 22616602.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Areas of microvascular proliferation have been observed in a subpopulation of symptomatic congenital vascular malformations later in life. We investigated whether this angiogenic response is followed by a stage of maturation. METHODS: Resections of vascular malformations (n = 15), infantile hemangiomas (IHs) (n = 8) and pyogenic granulomas (PGs) (n = 5) were studied. Histopathologically, all lesions were screened for presence of foci of immature and/or mature microvessels. These areas were further studied immunohistochemically for differential expression of several angiogenic factors, cell cycle-dependent proteins, p53 and active caspase3. Immunostains were scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: Immature microvessel areas were present in five vascular malformations (all of the arteriovenous type), five IHs and five PGs; these lesions also contained transitions between immature and mature microvessels. Conglomerates of mature microvessels were found in 19 cases (6 vascular malformations, 5 PGs and 8 IHs). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, angiopoietin-1, Ki-67, p16 and p21/27 ratios were overall significantly lower in mature areas than in immature areas including those in vascular malformations. P53 and caspase3 expression was scarce in all lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular areas in vascular malformations appear to follow the same pattern of vascular proliferation and maturation as seen in other microvascular lesions of skin and soft tissue.
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